The individual evacuation capability of the disables and the interaction between the disabled group and the healthy group during a same evacuatin process in public places; 　 　

The psychological and behavioral characteristics of elementary and middle school students, the evacuation safety issues in elementary and middle schools;　  

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From 1995 up to now, I have participated in or taken charge of over 30 research projects, all of them could be roughly and sequentially classified into four aspects, namely, (1) computer dynamic simulation and its application in mine fire simulation, space environment simulation and high-rise building fire simulation (1995-2001), (2) wind tunnel simulation and computer simulation on toxic accidental release(1999-2002), (3) evacuation simulation (2002-now) and (4) emergency management (2005-now). From 2002 up to now, evacuation has become the ever strengthening theme of my research work. And during the past 2 or 3 years, I have also finished some projects as for emergency planning, emergency exercise and risk assessment on public emergencies. Although such projects have unavoidably taken some time, the experience has unconsciously deepened and widened my understanding as for evacuation research. Evacuation will go on playing the leading role costarring with emergency management in my research in the future. A short list of the research projects in which I acted as the principal (in bold style) or main participant (in normal style) is as follows.

 In view of the frequent occurrence of major urban emergencies, weak emergency preparedness and dispersion of responding capabilities in China, this project, targeting at studying the reasons for the formation of major urban emergencies caused by natural disasters and accidents, evolution rules and countermeasures, tries to look into (1) the risk evaluation theories concerning major urban emergencies, (2) dynamic evolution mechanism, (3) organizational rules of emergency command and coordination organizations, and (4) technical foundation of crowd management and evacuation to provide policy suggestions on the design of China’s major urban emergency response system and its function, risk evaluation, integrated warning and emergency command and decision-making, and scientific basis for the technical research and development in this field. In this project, I am in charge of the research on crowd management and evacuation.

2 Research on some problems as for the disables’ evacuation safety (2009.6-2011.6)

With questionnaire, on-site observation, video analysis and computer simulation and so on as technical tools, subway passages and stairways as main observing sites, this project studies (1) the relation between type of limbs deformity and walking capability, (2) impact of width of passage on walking speed, (3) interaction between the disabled and healthy people in areas of different population densities, and (4) comparison of the results of this project with those of oversea studies in the same field. The objective of this project is to lay a foundation for establishing standards of the evacuation of the disabled in the future, and to provide decision-making basis and analysis methods for the safety planning, design, routine management and emergency response related to the evacuation of the disabled.

3 Research on the key technologies for public protection as for major accidents associated with the constructed natural oil gas well with high hydrogen sulfide content (2008.1-2010.12)

 Focused on the public protection measures taken in the major accident associated with the constructed natural oil gas well with high hydrogen sulfide content, this project studies the technologies used to simulate the evacuation behaviors in large area under complex conditions, methods to analyze the safety level of regional evacuation, technologies of shelter-in-place and individual protection on accident site and applicability of measures of individual protection. The main research results are to be demonstrated with real examples.

4 Drafting “Emergency Capability Assessment Guide”, a national standard of China) (2009.10-2010.8)

The “Emergency Capability Assessment Guide”, through assessment on the current comprehensive emergency capability, aims at timely identifying the overall problems and weaknesses as for emergency preparedness in a region, improving emergency management mechanism, perfecting the emergency response system of a region and helping the governments at all levels to improve their emergency capabilities. Standardizing the evaluation on emergency capabilities with national standards will facilitate the summarization, promotion, popularization and extension of the evaluation on emergency capabilities and promote the overall level of emergency management. Notwithstanding that the content of the evaluation on emergency capabilities may differ, depending on type of accident and object of evaluation, common principles, methods, implementation procedures and indexes system of the evaluation on emergency capabilities do exist. Therefore, this standard provides the indexes system and evaluation model for reference and guidance on the evaluation on emergency capabilities while bringing out the evaluation principles, methods and implementation procedures.

 5 Revision of “the Beijing provisional regulation on emergency exercise” (2009.11-2010.5)

 Aiming at standardizing the emergency exercises organized in Beijing, this document applies to the emergency exercise management of Beijing municipal emergency office, all special emergency commanding offices and related departments and organizations of Beijing, the emergency committee of all the districts and counties in Beijing and the administration committees of key sub-regions like Tian’anmen etc. The amendment is made to reflect the latest thoughts and requirements of the nation and Beijing in emergency management and the experience and lessons learned over the year since the original provisional methods were implemented in 2008.

6 Drafting “Emergency Exercise Guide”, a national standard of China (2009.10-2010.3)

 The emergency exercise guide aims at increasing the comprehensive emergency capabilities to protect life, property and environment via training, evaluation and improvement etc. Regulating emergency exercises with the standards will facilitate the summarization, promotion, popularization and extension of emergency exercises and promote the overall level of emergency management. Notwithstanding that the content of emergency exercises may differ, depending on type of accident, common principles, methods, implementation procedures do exist. The standards provide a basic frame and procedures for emergency exercises to guide and regulate all types of emergency exercises.

7 Key technologies in simulation and virtual reality representation of typical accidents (2007.1-2009.12)

 Based on advanced technologies like disaster consequence simulation, wind tunnel simulation, virtual reality representation of complex scenarios and evacuation simulation etc, this project studies the key technologies to simulate and verify the spreading of heavy hazardous gas and the technologies to simulate and model fire and explosion accidents and provides technical support to accident investigation, work safety of enterprises and governmental supervision on work safety.

8 Emergency exercise scripts for training the emergency commanding capability of the leaders of various ranks at Beijing (2008.5-2009.11)

In this project, guided by the ultimate goal to improve the officers’ commanding and decision-making capabilities concerning emergency response, three scripts, namely, response to power emergencies, response to disastrous weathers (rainstorm) and response to construction accidents, are compiled to cultivate different capabilities required in emergency response commanding. The training materials also discuss the teaching modes recommended, provide the general training and teaching scheme and expatiate on the arrangement of teaching site and the organization of the training in light of the short-term and long-term teaching needs of the municipal Party’s school. According to the focuses of different scripts and the real process of emergency response, the materials analyze the key training tasks of each topic, select, combine and process related accidents as per the training focuses and define gradually the content of the topics. Meanwhile, to reasonably match the courseware study to the demands of the actual training modes, compared with traditional emergency exercise scripts, these scripts enrich each scenario with evaluation goals, questions, requirements and multimedia display of thoughts.

9 Technical field survey on the accidental release of liquid chlorine at Huai’an section of Beijing-Shanghai expressway on March 29, 2005 (2009.6-2009.8)

At 18:50, Mar. 29, 2005, a traffic accident occurred at Huaian section of Beijing-Shanghai expressway and caused a serious accident of liquid chlorine leakage of a tanker. The guilty driver of the tanker ran away and the driver of the truck collided died in the accident. As a result, the best rescue time was missed, altogether 28 people from 3 villages in Huayin District and Lianshui County of Huaian City were poisoned to death in the accident and more than 10,000 people were evacuated. The emergency response lasted 5 days. In July 2009, supported by local government, we visited all the related departments of the municipal government of Huaian, two district and county governments and the four towns involved in the accident, conducted questionnaire-based investigation on the villagers evacuated of 108 teams from 11 villages in the form of semi-structural interview, collected 860 effective questionnaires completed, and conducted a comprehensive investigation on the response course of the accident, especially the decision-making and organizing process of the mass evacuation by integrating the oversea field survey methods based on sociology and our expertise in technical science. Through organizing on-site individual and family tests of local villagers, we obtained the first hand data about the rate of the evacuation. At present, we are analyzing the laws and reasons of the walking speed difference between the individuals and their families with the theories on group dynamics. Moreover, we investigated the endangered range caused by the leakage of liquid chlorine and the distribution of injuries and losses with GPS and GIS, and reproduced in whole the course of the accident for the first time by combining technically the accident evolution, response and evacuation processes, which accumulates valuable first-hand materials for our further study on related theories.

10 Public risk assessment for the mining industry in Beijing during the celebration period of the 60th anniversary of new China (2009.4-2009.8)

11 Public risk assessment for Haidian district in Beijing during the celebration period of the 60th anniversary of new China (2009.4-2009.8)

12 Research on the individual evacuation capability of the disabled group and its interaction with the healthy group (2008.01-2008.12)

There is usually some disabled people in any public place, and the percentage of the disabled will rise gradually with the aging of the social population structure. Due to the limited mobility, the disabled always suffer from emergencies most seriously. Therefore, the study on the safe evacuation of the disabled is of great significance to protect the disabled and promote the overall safety of public places. In this project, a dormitory building of a prison located in the suburb of Beijing is selected firstly to test the impact of the aged and patients on group evacuation via evacuation exercise; then 10 disabled people without supporting tools, 10 with single crunch and 10 with double crunches are observed at a subway station to determine their moving speeds on horizontal corridors and stairways of different widths while selecting 10 healthy people as reference groups for comparison; and finally, the issues concerning how to take into account the impact of the disabled in computer evacuation simulation based on the results and conclusions of the on-site observation, the evacuation exercises and the actual evacuation at the subway station. While reaching the basic research goals designated, the project initiated the research in these fields: (1) testing the impact of passage (and stairway) width on the moving speeds of different types of disabled people through systematic field observation and experiment; and (2) placing successively disabled individuals in real public place and observing the interaction between the disabled group and the healthy group along crowded stairway.

13 Planning of emergency exercises for the major risks associated with technical disasters in Beijing during Beijing Olympic Games (2007.12-2008.7)

 In this project, current theoretical frame of emergency exercises for accidents and disasters is studied and summed up at first; then two comprehensive real exercises are presented, i.e., the leakage of hazardous chemicals and the transition of an urban area from normal operation into emergency operation; and finally, the basic procedures to plan and implement full-scale operational exercises are summarized.

14 Influence of the psychological and behavioral characteristics of Chinese people on evacuation (2006.1-2007.12)

Exampled by urban citizens of Beijing and relied on diversified approaches like questionnaire survey, in-depth interview, behavior observation and simulated psychological experiments etc., this project researches Chinese people’s major characteristics as for safety awareness, psychology and behavior, and the differences between Chinese people and western people, analyzes how and to what extend these differences impact the emergency evacuation at public places with computer simulation technologies, and provides quantitative basis and measures for the systematic design of large complex buildings and emergency management of large campaigns. This project also attaches special importance to the research on the impact of vocal signals and instruction signs on evacuation psychology and behaviors.

15 Public risk assessment for the mining industry in Beijing during the period of Beijing Olympic Games (2007.3-2007.10)

In this project, the emergencies of the mining industry in Beijing that may affect directly or indirectly the Beijing Olympic Games are identified through examining and screening the risk sources of the coal mines and other mines in Beijing that may exist during the Olympic Games period. Moreover, based on the analysis on the capabilities to bear and control these emergencies, the possibilities of their occurrence and their consequences, the risk levels of these emergencies are determined respectively and the risks above the middle level are provided with control measures.

 16 Public risk assessment for Haidian district in Beijing during the period of Beijing Olympic Games (2007.3-2007.10)

 Based on a comprehensive and systematic survey on the risk sources of key regions within Haidian District during the Olympic period, the levels of the major risks in Haidian District are determined respectively according to the capabilities to bear and control them, the possibilities of their occurrence and their consequences, and thoe the risks above the middle level are provided with control measures.

17 Field survey on the decision and implementation of large-scale evacuation in "4.16" accident at Tianyuan chemical factory of Chongqing (2007.4-2007.7)

At 17:57, Apr. 16, 2004, a liquid chlorine tank exploded at Tianyuan Chemical Factory of Chongqing. The accident lasted three days, during which more than 150,000 people in three neighboring districts were evacuated with the evolution of the situation. Over the period from Apr. to Jul. 2007, supported by local work safety supervision authorities, we conducted in the form of semi-structural interview a questionnaire-based survey on the people living in the streets and regions affected by the accident and collected altogether 401 valid questionnaires. Consisting of six sections: individual and family background, reaction before evacuation, evacuation course, experience at evacuation destination, return trip and after-accident perception, the questionnaire is designed to explore the whole evacuation process of each individual surveyed. We have found through the survey that the evacuation relies mainly on walk, many people were evacuated twice and the times of evacuation notices received at different regions differ greatly. A systematic combination of the on-site monitoring measures and software-based approaches to support decision making like dynamic forecast of chlorine cloud dispersion results and emergency traffic simulation were not available, which led to a confused organization of the evacuation to some extents.

18 Research on computer simulation of evacuation from big stadiums and its application to Olympic stadiums (2004.12-2006.12)

 Making use of the computer simulation and virtual reality presentation for evacuation, this project studies the simulation of the evacuation process of large stadiums under diversified emergencies and the visual representation in virtual reality environment, evaluates with these technologies the methods to optimize the evacuation system and emergency plan of large stadiums, analyzes comprehensively and systematically the essential capabilities to guarantee evacuation safety and various possible improvements in diversified emergent situations with the technologies and methods established in the project, draws lots of major conclusions of great importance to the promotion of the safety level and emergency response capabilities of large events during and after the Olympic Games. These technologies and methods, in particular, apply to the evaluation on the evacuation safety of all the Olympic stadiums under various emergent situations and the development of related emergency plans. In this project, I am responsible mainly for designing the evacuation simulation plan and guiding the implementation of simulation research.

19 Analysis with computer simulation on the failure causes and possible remedies to the evacuation process in Yiyuan dance hall fire at Fuxin, Liaoning province (2004.10-2006.2)

 On Nov. 27, 1994, a serious fire occurred at Yiyuan Dance Hall of Fuxin, Liaoning Province, and 223 people died and 20 injured in the accident. Among the casualties, 133 people are men and 100 people are women. Most of the people died in the accident are very young. The statistic data shows that altogether 61 people aged from 14 to 17 and 159 people aged from 18 to 25 died in the accident. There were 304 people in the dance hall of less than 300 square meters when the fire occurred, and only 71 people escaped. Referring to pertinent laws and regulations of China, this research analyzes the evacuation safety issues in this fire accident with computer simulation, probes into the separate and joint impacts of exit number, total number of on-site people and inside and outside steps of exits on the evacuation performance of such places, and provides instructive opinions and suggestions to enhancing and improving the design, routine and emergency safety management of such places. The results of the research were adopted by CCTV-10 (China Central Television Channel on Science & Technology) in the public education programs for evacuation safety at the end of 2004 and in the beginning of 2006 respectively.

20 Analysis with computer simulation of the pedestrian flow capacity of the Oar Bridge at the Olympic water park in Shunyi Beijing (2005.6-2005.8)

From Jun. to Aug. 2005, at the request of the Service Department of the Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee, we completed an analysis on several possible pedestrian flow schemes designed for the Oar Bridge at the Olympic Water Park in Shunyi Beijing with computer simulation and identified technically the best scheme.

21 Investigation of the work safety hazards in Xuanwu district Beijing (2004.10-2005.6)

To keep abreast current work safety situation of Xuanwu District, and to work out and implement practical and effective management plans and measures, Beijing Municipal Institute of Labor Institute, at the request of Xuanwu District Work Safety Administration, investigated and analyzed present work safety situation of Xuanwu District, established a corresponding database, identified major work safety issues of Xuanwu District, proposed the methods to resolve and control these issues with advanced safety thoughts and technologies, and raised proposals and measures for an overall improvement of the safety management of Xuanwu District. 

22 Survey on the safety awareness of the residents in Jingshan sub-district in Beijing Dongcheng district (2004.8-2005.8)

The survey aims at keeping abreast the safety situation and awareness of the residents of Jingshan sub-district and their attitudes toward community safety work to facilitate the establishment of related resident injury records in the future and the identification of reasons for various injuries and accidents, provide references for identifying the work focuses to improve community safety and help Jingshan sub-district to improve community safety gradually. The methods adopted in the survey include questionnaire investigation, field observation and interview, among which questionnaire investigation is the major method. The questionnaire consists of two parts. The first part, concerning resident safety issues, covers four modules: resident’s individual social and economic background, safety situation, safety awareness and recognition of community-based safety operations. Being designed to collect the family injury data used to form family injury records, the second part is composed by questions on the gender, age, occupation, educational background and time, date, place, type and degree of injury. The questionnaires were distributed on family basis and each family received a copy of the questionnaire. Altogether 12,170 copies of the questionnaire were sent out and 12,026 copies received, indicating a callback rate of 98.8%. Of the questionnaires received, 11,890 copies are valid, indicating a validity rate of 98.9%. As to the studied sub-district, the issues of dangerous courtyard houses and aged electrical wire are very serious in old areas, while in the newly built areas, there are large number of unit houses and a rather high installation rate of anti-theft devices as safety door and safety lock etc., resulting in serious noise pollution. The installation rate of intercom system is rather low both in old bungalow areas and tall building areas. The level of residents’ safety knowledge is closely related to their education backgrounds. As a result, with the gradual promotion of their cultural degree and the popularization of safety education and training, the level of residents’ safety knowledge will certainly rise to some extents. Affected by factors like the level of residents’ safety knowledge and living places, and community environment and activities etc., residents’ opinions on public security of community reflect directly their senses of safety. Furthermore, the degree of residents’ involvement in community activities is closely connected with their opinions on public security level; and the more they participate in community activities, the more they feel safe. The factors affecting community security include mainly: population flottante floating population and house lease, public security management and patrol, security propaganda and education, household security, public security and fire facility construction, utility construction and environment health, traffic safety, governmental supervision and administration, pet safety, service safety, disadvantaged groups and sports safety, among which the first five issues are most important.

23 Survey on the safety awareness of the students, as well as their teachers and parents, at the elementary and middle schools of Beijing Dongcheng district (2004.8-2005.8)

Supported by the Education Committee of Dongcheng District Beijing, we have tried to survey, analyze and study the safety awareness of the students at the elementary and middle schools of Beijing Dongcheng District and the priorities of safety education activities in the future with questionnaire-based survey method. To analyze further the connection between the students’ safety awareness and their teachers and parents, the parents and teachers of certain students surveyed were also investigated. We selected ten schools from the elementary and middle schools of Dongcheng District and drew some classes randomly. At each school, we distributed altogether 300 questionnaires, including 200 questionnaires for students and 50 questionnaires for parents and teachers respectively. Altogether 2,000 questionnaires for students were sent out and 1,884 valid questionnaires received, indicating a validity rate of 94.2%. Altogether 500 questionnaires for teachers were sent out and 397valid questionnaires received, indicating a validity rate of 79.4%. Altogether 450 questionnaires for parents were sent out and 372 valid questionnaires received, indicating a validity rate of 82.7%. In total, 3,000 questionnaires were sent out and 2,653 valid questionnaires received, indicating a validity rate of 88.4%. The survey results show that, according to the students and teachers, stairways are the most unsafe facilities in the schools as they have not been well maintained for years, the passages are too narrow, the floor is too slippery, the turning sections are not designed reasonably and measures against snow and rain and managerial systems are not reasonable. In addition, the parents’ instruction and influence by their own behaviors contribute greatly to the students’ safety awareness. While the parents of the students at lower grades observes safety rules and regulations more strictly, those of the students at higher grades less strictly. With their growing up, the students become less interested in attending community activities. The interest rate drops from 37.9% for the students of 12 years old to 12% for the students of 17 years old.

24 Quantitative assessment on the evacuation capability of typical Beijing subway stations (2004.4-2005.4)

In this project, the evacuation capability of three typical subway stations (Beijing Railway Station, Fu Xingmen and Xi Zhimen) are analyzed with computer simulation and large amount of field survey results, and a complete mode of quantitative assessment on the evacuation capability of typical subway stations is established through further summarizing the analytical results. We also probed into the major difference between the passengers’ behavioral characteristics observed in the field survey of evacuation at subway stations or found in the computer simulation and the conclusions of related oversea study, figured out the maximum speed to climb up stairs and the minimum width of the space occupied by a person on stairway on average that apply to Chinese people based on the field survey results, made systematic analysis on their impact on the predicted overall evacuation capability of the subway stations, and highlighted the importance of cross-cultural comparison in the research of evacuation from buildings.

25 Research on the public safety conditions in Beijing Dongcheng district (2004.4-2005.2)

In the beginning of 2004, the Joint Research Team of Public Security of Dongcheng District was founded jointly by Dongcheng District Social Security Comprehensive Governance Committee, Dongcheng District Politics and Law Committee and Beijing Municipal Institute of Labor Protection. Over the period of a year, the joint research team surveyed and studied current conditions of Dongcheng District’s public security, analyzed systematically the survey data with advanced public security theories and assessment technologies and completed the Research Report on the Public Safety Conditions in Beijing Dongcheng District, which is called by related experts and the media as the first localized public security report. While studying current public security conditions of Dongcheng District at the macro level, the report offers special analysis on key hazard sources (such as gas station and LNG station), public places of dense population, underground lifelines, mobile hazard sources and Hutongs of bungalow etc., and proposes the measures to improve current situations of public security that focuses on enhancing routine and emergent security management. Moreover, the report devotes special spaces to analyze the public security issues of certain typical places in Dongcheng District (such as Wang Fujin Pedestrian Street, Beijing Railway Station, the subway station of Beijing Railway Station, narrow streets and the Terrace Park etc.) and raises the practical plans to construct gradually safe communities according to WHO’s standards.

26 Research on the computer simulation technologies for fire smoke spreading in high-rise buildings (2001.12-2004.11)

In this project, based on the basic theories for network-based simulation of fire smoke spreading in coal mines, the network-based simulation model for fire smoke spreading in high-rise buildings is established by improving the calculation formula of temperature at a point along the spreading route of smoke, passage networking method for high-rise buildings and method to calculate local resistance and defining further fire source characteristics and layered movement features of hot smoke with zone simulation. Moreover, the research testifies the model established with experiments, proves the correctness of the calculation formula of temperature at a point along the spreading route of smoke adopted in the model, develops a complete set of algorithm for the computer simulation of fire smoke spreading in high-rise buildings and the simulation software—HBFIRE, which can be used to analyze and forecast the general trend of the spread of fire smoke throughout high-rise buildings, tries for the first time the method to assess quantitatively the evacuation safety performance of high-rise buildings by working out equivalent shortest route and its capacity with the result of simulation of fire smoke spread and realizes the function in the software.

27 Research on assessment technologies and countermeasures for hazards in typical public places in cities (2000.10-2003.10)

 This project is the first research project in China that combines the traditional semi-quantitative and qualitative safety assessment and the quantitative assessment of fire and evacuation safety based on computer simulation to assess and study comprehensively and systematically typical cases of two types of public places, namely, confined space and open space, from different points of view. With the thoughts, methods and techniques formed in the research, similar assessments and analysis may be made for other typical public places in cities (including large stadiums, airports and railway stations etc.) and large events, which shows the far-reaching significance of the research. By referring to the behavioral characteristics of typical Chinese people for the first time, the project provides a comprehensive and systematic simulation of and analysis on the evacuation safety performance of opened public places represented by pedestrian streets with computer-based evacuation simulation. While drawing several conclusions of significant practical value for the typical case selected in the case, namely, the case of Wang Fujin Pedestrian Street, and proving the feasibility and reliability to use computer simulation to analyze the evacuation safety of such places, the research presents completely the general methods of such analysis.

28 Research on empirical models for toxics dispersion in the air (2000.9-2002.9)

By utilizing the data collected from wind tunnel experiments, the research analyzes and validates the SLAB model widely used in oversea industrial safety field at present and corrects the defect of the SLAB model of underestimation of the upwind dispersion range in a low-speed wind environment. Moreover, the research supplements the model for the calculation of leakage source parameters under diversified circumstances and develops with computer-based three-dimensional graph reconstruction the integrated three-dimensional simulation software for toxics dispersion in air that can draw directly the maximum range of space pollution, maximum pollution plane area of leakage accident, instant space pollution zone of leakage accident, instant plane pollution area of leakage accident and toxics density at any space point with the data drawn from the model. At present, most commercial softwares can provide only the graphic outcomes of the maximum plane pollution area and plane area of instant pollution of leakage accidents, the software, nevertheless, boasts the impressive feature of directly providing the graphs of the maximum space pollution area and space area of instant pollution of leakage accidents.

29 Simulation on dense gas dispersion with wind tunnel and computer models (1999.12-2001.5)

This project was undertaken jointly by Beijing Institute of Labor Protection and Peking University Environmental Science Center. In the research, I was responsible mainly for comparing the experimental data to the forecast results of the dispersion model and improving the model. For the first time in China, the wind tunnel test data was used to assess and analyze prevalent oversea toxics dispersion models and improvements were made accordingly.

30 Network simulation on fire smoke spreading in high-rise buildings (1999.10-2001.12)

This project is sponsored with Beijing Young Scientific and Technical Mainstay Fund. In the research of the project, I made a comprehensive analysis on the feasibility to simulate fire smoke spreading in high-rise buildings with network-based dynamic simulation methods of mine fire, solving some of the critical technical problems (such as networking of high-rise building) and laying a foundation for developing the complete technologies of computer simulation of fire smoke spreading in high-rise buildings.

31 Computer simulation on the gas nitrogen temperature adjusting system in large space simulator (1997.4-1999.6)

In the project of the research on the computer simulation of the gas nitrogen temperature adjusting system in large space simulators, I was in charge of studying dynamic simulation of the heat sink. In the course of research, I developed for creatively the theory that the uneven distribution of branch flow of heat sink pipes and the uneven shell temperature mutually reinforce and neutralize each other, established the overall dynamic mathematic model of the whole heat sink integrating fluid flow field and temperature field, developed the software of dynamic simulation of heat sink pipes, realized for the first time the dynamic simulation of the overall heat sink pipe network calculating the flow field and temperature field simultaneously, proposed two algorithms for temperature control of heat sink, namely, the manual control method and on-line auto-control method, introduced the general method to conduct quantitative heat design of the heat sink with the software of dynamic simulation.

32 Computer-aided open fire location and optimization of sensor layout in coal mines (1995.5-1997.5)

In this project, I am responsible for working out the methods of computer-aided location of the open fires and developing the final research report of the whole project. In the course of the research, I improved greatly the location algorithm introduced by the Mining Bureau of the United States in 1992, changing the fire smoke calculation from stable state to unstable state, adopting more advanced theories and technologies in real-time warning reception and processing, potential fire-source range identification and fire-source scanning algorithm, and developing the automatic fire location software with the algorithm improved. In addition, it has been proved with the fire source location test on the same fire that the results obtained with the software newly developed in this projects are more accurate than those from the existing software.